Buying or Leasing a Factory with Rooftop Solar in Malaysia: 12 Checks Before Signing
购买或租赁带屋顶太阳能的马来西亚厂房：签约前必须核实的12项条件
A practical guide to system ownership, Solar ATAP, roof structure, electrical connection, fire safety, performance data and transaction responsibility.
一份实用指南，涵盖系统所有权、Solar ATAP、屋顶结构、电力接驳、消防安全、发电数据及交易责任。
Answer first: what must you check when a factory already has rooftop solar?
先说结论：厂房已经有屋顶太阳能，签约前要查什么？
Before buying or leasing a Malaysian factory with rooftop solar, verify six things separately:
购买或租赁带屋顶太阳能的马来西亚厂房前，必须把以下六项分别核实：
- who owns the roof; 谁拥有屋顶；
- who owns or finances the solar equipment; 谁拥有太阳能设备或承担融资；
- whose name is on the electricity account and solar programme contract; 电力账户和太阳能计划合约登记在谁名下；
- whether the roof, electrical system and fire strategy remain safe and approved; 屋顶、电力系统及消防方案是否仍然安全并获得批准；
- how much electricity the system actually generates, self-consumes and exports; and 系统实际发电、自用及输出多少电量；以及
- whether every right, obligation, warranty and record can be transferred or replaced at completion. 交割时所有权利、义务、保修及记录能否转移或重新签署。
Do not assume the solar system is included because panels appear in the property photographs. It may be owned by a solar investor under a power purchase agreement (PPA), leased or financed, pledged to a lender, installed by a tenant, or subject to a government programme and utility contract that does not automatically move with the property transaction.
不要因为物业照片出现太阳能板，就认定系统属于卖方或包含在租赁范围。设备可能属于太阳能投资者、PPA供应商、银行、租户或其他融资方，也可能受到不会随物业交易自动转移的政府计划及电力公司合约约束。
The most important question is not:
最重要的问题不是：
“How many kilowatts of solar are on the roof?”
“屋顶安装了多少kW太阳能？”
It is:
而是：
“Who controls the roof, equipment, electricity account and energy value—and what happens to each of them after the sale, tenancy or change of occupier?”
“谁控制屋顶、设备、电力账户和能源价值？厂房出售、出租或更换使用者以后，每一项将如何处理？”
Until those points are documented, treat the solar installation as a separate technical and contractual due-diligence item rather than adding its advertised cost or savings directly to the property value.
在这些问题取得书面证明前，不应把宣传中的系统成本或节省金额直接加入物业价值，而应把太阳能系统视为独立的技术及合同尽调项目。
Important: This article provides general industrial-property information, not electrical, structural, fire, insurance, tax, renewable-energy, legal or investment advice. Solar rules, tariffs and programme terms can change. Obtain current written advice from SEDA, the Energy Commission, TNB and qualified Malaysian professionals before committing.
重要说明： 本文只提供一般工业地产信息，不构成电力、结构、消防、保险、税务、可再生能源、法律或投资意见。太阳能规则、费率及计划条款可能调整。签约前应向SEDA、Energy Commission、TNB及马来西亚合资格专业人士取得最新书面意见
A solar-equipped factory contains three overlapping assets
带太阳能的厂房包含三层不同资产
All three layers must align. A technically sound system can still create transaction risk when the seller cannot transfer its contracts. A valid energy contract can still underperform when the roof leaks, inverters fail or the incoming factory has a different daytime load profile.
三层必须同时对齐。技术状况良好的系统，如果卖方无法转移相关合约，仍然可能成为交易风险。有效的能源合约，如果屋顶漏水、逆变器故障或新工厂用电时段不同，也可能无法产生预期价值。
The 2026 Solar ATAP position for factories
2026年厂房Solar ATAP重点
Malaysia’s Solar Accelerated Transition Action Programme (Solar ATAP) took effect in Peninsular Malaysia on 1 January 2026. It allows consumers to install rooftop solar primarily for self-consumption and export surplus energy, subject to eligibility, technical and network requirements. (Energy Commission Solar ATAP Guidelines)
Solar Accelerated Transition Action Programme（Solar ATAP）于2026年1月1日在马来西亚半岛正式实施，允许用户以自用为主安装屋顶太阳能，并在符合资格、技术及电网条件下输出剩余电量。（Energy Commission Solar ATAP Guidelines）
For a non-domestic consumer, the current guideline provides the following important points:
对非住宅用户而言，截至2026年8月12日的重要规则包括：
Solar ATAP replaced the NEM programme for new participation, but an existing factory may still have a legacy NEM arrangement, a self-consumption installation under the SELCO framework, or a private solar lease/PPA. The exact contract and programme—not the installation date alone—must be identified.
Solar ATAP已接替NEM开放新申请，但现有厂房可能仍然使用旧NEM、SELCO自用系统或私人太阳能租赁/PPA。必须确认实际合约及计划，不能只凭安装年份判断。
SEDA’s current Solar ATAP page lists the application forms, technical-assessment process, qualified consultants and supporting documents. It also instructs applicants to satisfy the point of interconnection requirements under TNB’s Electricity Supply Application Handbook. (SEDA Solar ATAP guidelines and documents)
SEDA现行Solar ATAP页面列出申请表、技术评估、合资格顾问及支持文件，并要求接驳点符合TNB Electricity Supply Application Handbook。（SEDA Solar ATAP文件）
The 12 checks before buying or leasing
买厂或租厂前必须检查的12项条件
1. Identify every party and asset owner | 确认所有相关方及设备所有权
Create a simple ownership map/ 先制作一张所有权关系表，列出：
- registered property owner; 注册物业业主；
- seller or landlord; 卖方或房东；
- factory occupier; 厂房使用者；
- TNB account holder; TNB账户持有人；
- Solar ATAP, NEM or SELCO participant; Solar ATAP、NEM或SELCO参与者；
- legal owner of the PV modules and inverters; 光伏组件及逆变器的法律所有人；
- solar investor or PPA provider; 太阳能投资者或PPA供应商；
- equipment financier or bank; 设备融资银行；
- operations and maintenance contractor; 营运及维护承包商；
- system insurer; and 系统保险人；以及
- owner of environmental attributes where separately allocated. 如果另外分配，环境属性的所有人
Request invoices, asset registers, financing statements, PPA or lease agreements, proof of payment and current company information. A system paid for through a long-term solar PPA may be physically attached to the roof but legally owned by the solar investor.
索取发票、资产表、融资文件、PPA或租赁合约、付款证明及最新公司资料。通过长期太阳能PPA安装的系统虽然固定在厂房屋顶，法律上仍可能属于太阳能投资者。
Record which assets are included in the property transaction. Modules, inverters, mounting structures, switchboards, meters, data loggers, weather stations, transformers and batteries should not be assumed to have the same owner.
还要逐项确认交易包含哪些资产。组件、逆变器、支架、配电板、仪表、数据记录器、气象站、变压器及电池不能假设属于同一方。
2. Identify the programme and every governing contract | 确认计划类别及全部合约
Obtain the complete current set of/ 索取完整有效的：
- Solar ATAP, NEM, SELCO or other approval; Solar ATAP、NEM、SELCO或其他批准；
- TNB electricity-supply agreement and account details; TNB供电协议及账户资料；
- Solar ATAP or NEM contract; Solar ATAP或NEM合约；
- generating licence or exemption documentation where applicable; 适用的发电执照或豁免文件；
- PPA, solar lease, hire-purchase or financing agreement; PPA、太阳能租赁、分期购买或融资协议；
- operation and maintenance agreement; 营运维护合约；
- roof-access or wayleave agreement; 屋顶进入权或通行协议；
- warranty and performance-guarantee documents; and 保修及表现保证；以及
- correspondence on amendments, breaches or arrears. 关于修改、违约或欠款的往来文件。
Do not rely on the phrase “under NEM” or “approved solar.” Record the exact programme, approved capacity, commencement date, expiry date, account, meter, tariff category and remaining contract period.
不要只接受“这是NEM系统”或“已经批准太阳能”的口头说明。必须记录准确计划、批准容量、开始及到期日期、账户、仪表、费率类别和剩余期限。
Under the current Solar ATAP guideline, the programme period is no more than 10 years. If a registered premise is sold, the new owner may apply to continue for the residual period, but continuation requires a new Solar ATAP Contract with the electricity utility company. It is not an automatic transfer. (Solar ATAP Guidelines, sections 17–18)
按照现行Solar ATAP规则，计划期限最长10年。如果登记物业出售，新业主可申请在剩余期限继续，但必须与电力公司签署新的Solar ATAP Contract，并非自动转移。（Solar ATAP Guidelines第17–18节）
3. Match the electricity account to the incoming occupier | 把电力账户与新使用者对齐
Confirm/ 核实：
- name and entity number on the TNB account; TNB账户上的公司名称及注册号码；
- tariff category and voltage level; 费率类别及电压等级；
- meter and account number; 仪表及账户号码；
- Maximum Demand records for at least 12 months where available; 在资料允许时至少12个月的Maximum Demand；
- whether the account is in arrears or under dispute; 是否存在欠款或争议；
- whether landlord and tenant have separate or shared supply; 房东和租户是否使用独立或共享供电；
- whether a change of account holder is planned at completion; 交割时是否更换账户持有人；
- whether the solar programme permits that structure; and 太阳能计划是否允许这种账户结构；以及
- what must happen before the new occupier can receive credits. 新使用者何时才有资格获得电量抵扣。
Solar ATAP’s current definition of the eligible premise excludes multi-tenant properties, and the applicant checklist includes a check for multi-tenant issues. A strata factory, shared industrial compound or landlord master-meter arrangement therefore requires careful confirmation rather than assumption.
Solar ATAP目前对合资格场所的定义排除multi-tenant property，申请清单也会检查多租户问题。因此，分层厂房、共享工业园或房东总电表安排必须特别确认。
The incoming manufacturer may also have a very different load profile. A system sized around the former tenant’s Maximum Demand and daytime consumption may export more energy—and create less economic benefit—after a production change.
新制造商的用电模式也可能完全不同。按照旧租户最高需量及白天用电设计的系统，更换生产工艺后可能输出更多剩余电量，实际经济价值反而降低。
4. Verify roof rights, title, tenancy and lender consent | 核实屋顶权利、地契、租约及银行同意
The property and energy documents should state/ 物业及能源合约应说明：
- who grants the right to use the roof; 谁授予屋顶使用权；
- exact roof area and access route; 准确屋顶面积和进入路线；
- duration of the right; 权利期限；
- whether it survives sale, refinancing or tenancy termination; 物业出售、再融资或租约终止后是否继续有效；
- restrictions in the title, lease or building rules; 地契、租约或建筑管理规则的限制；
- whether bank or chargee consent was required and obtained; 是否需要并已经取得银行或抵押权人同意；
- rights to install cables and equipment in other parts of the building; 在建筑其他位置安装电缆及设备的权利；
- access for inspection, emergency response and repair; 检查、紧急处理和维修的进场权；
- who can temporarily remove panels for roof works; and 屋顶维修时由谁拆除太阳能板；以及
- who pays for reinstatement or permanent removal. 恢复安装或永久拆除费用由谁承担。
The July 2026 Energy Commission self-consumption guideline states that where the building does not belong to the solar consumer, the parties may establish an agreement covering responsibilities and obligations, including landlord permission and long-term financing arrangements. (Energy Commission SELCO Guidelines, Revision 1/2026)
Energy Commission于2026年7月修订的自用太阳能指南说明，如果建筑不属于太阳能用户，相关方可通过协议规定系统安装及维护责任，包括业主同意和长期融资安排。（Energy Commission SELCO Guidelines, Revision 1/2026）
For a tenant, the solar contract should not outlast the secure roof right unless an agreed transition or termination mechanism exists.
对租户而言，太阳能合约不应超过稳定的屋顶使用期限，除非已经安排清楚的转移或终止机制。
5. Inspect the roof structure and remaining life | 检查屋顶结构及剩余寿命
Ask a structural engineer and roofing specialist to inspect/ 让结构工程师及屋面专家检查：
- roof framing, purlins and connections; 屋架、檩条及连接点；
- panel and mounting-system dead load; 组件和支架的永久荷载；
- wind-uplift and local load paths; 风吸力及局部荷载传递；
- corrosion, deformation and prior repairs; 腐蚀、变形及旧维修；
- roof sheet thickness and remaining life;屋面板厚度及剩余寿命；
- penetrations, clamps, sealants and flashings; 穿孔、夹具、密封胶及泛水；
- drainage, ponding and blocked gutters; 排水、积水及堵塞天沟；
- safe walkways and fall protection; 安全走道和防坠设施；
- access for future roof replacement; and 日后更换屋面的施工空间；以及
- whether the roof warranty remains valid. 原屋顶保修是否仍然有效。
Solar ATAP application documents include endorsed civil and structural drawings for the PV installation. Request the endorsed drawing, structural calculation and as-built mounting layout, then compare them with what is actually installed.
Solar ATAP申请文件包含经签署的光伏安装土木与结构图。应索取签署图纸、结构计算及竣工支架图，并与现场安装逐项比较。
A 20-year panel life does not help if an ageing metal roof needs replacement in three years. Removal, storage, reinstallation, retesting and production disruption should be included in the property budget.
如果旧金属屋顶三年后就要更换，太阳能板20年的设计寿命也没有意义。拆除、储存、重新安装、测试及生产中断都应加入物业预算。
6. Check fire safety, emergency access and isolation | 检查消防、紧急通道及隔离装置
Rooftop PV can affect firefighting access, roof compartmentation and electrical isolation. Review:
屋顶光伏会影响消防通道、防火分区及电力隔离。应检查：
- module setback and firefighter access paths; 组件退距及消防人员通道；
- access to smoke vents, skylights, tanks and rooftop equipment; 天窗、排烟口、水箱和屋顶设备是否可进入；
- DC cable routing and protection; DC电缆路线及保护；
- isolators, labels and emergency shutdown information; 隔离开关、标签和紧急停机资料；
- inverter and switchboard locations; 逆变器及配电设备位置；
- fire detection or suppression interfaces; 火灾探测或灭火系统联动；
- combustible roof or insulation materials; 可燃屋面或保温材料；
- lightning and surge protection; 防雷及浪涌保护；
- damaged connectors or overheating evidence; and 损坏接头或过热痕迹；以及
- emergency procedures shared with the occupier and fire team. 使用者和消防团队共同掌握的紧急程序。
JBPM publishes a dedicated fire-safety guideline for rooftop solar PV systems. The installation should be checked against the guideline, approved fire strategy and actual building layout—not only the original installer’s proposal. (JBPM Rooftop Solar PV Fire Safety Guideline)
JBPM已发布专门的屋顶太阳能光伏消防安全指南。检查应结合该指南、核准消防方案及实际建筑布局，不能只看安装商原来的建议书。（JBPM屋顶太阳能光伏消防安全指南）
7. Audit the equipment, warranties and maintenance history | 审查设备、保修及维护记录
Prepare an asset schedule covering/ 制作完整资产表，包括：
- module manufacturer, model, quantity, serial range and rated capacity;
组件制造商、型号、数量、序列号范围及额定容量；
- inverter manufacturer, model, size, age and firmware; 逆变器制造商、型号、容量、年龄及固件；
- mounting system and fasteners; 支架及紧固件；
- DC and AC cables, protection and switchgear; DC和AC电缆、保护及配电；
- meters, sensors and monitoring gateway; 仪表、传感器及监控网关；
- transformer or substation changes; 变压器或变电站改动；
- battery system, if any; 电池系统；
- spare parts; and 备件；以及
- monitoring licenses, passwords and data ownership. 监控平台执照、密码及数据所有权。
Request product warranties, installation warranty, inverter replacements, performance guarantee, commissioning certificates, maintenance records, thermography, insulation-resistance tests, cleaning records, fault alarms and warranty claims.
索取产品、安装及逆变器保修、表现保证、调试证书、保养、热成像、绝缘测试、清洗、故障报警及保修索赔记录。
Verify who may enforce each warranty after the transaction. A manufacturer warranty may remain valid while an installer workmanship warranty or PPA performance guarantee requires consent to assignment.
还要核实交割后由谁执行保修。制造商保修可能继续有效，但安装工程保修或PPA表现保证可能需要书面转让同意。
8. Verify electrical design, interconnection and licensing | 核实电力设计、接驳及执照
Obtain and review/ 应取得及审查：
- approved single-line diagram; 核准单线图；
- point of interconnection; 接驳点；
- cable and protection calculations; 电缆及保护计算；
- inverter settings and anti-islanding protection; 逆变器设定及防孤岛保护；
- earthing and lightning protection; 接地及防雷；
- meter configuration; 仪表配置；
- test certificates and commissioning records; 测试及调试记录；
- CAS, PSS or other assessment approval; CAS、PSS或其他评估批准；
- generating licence or exemption documents; and 发电执照或豁免文件；以及
- competent-person and contractor registrations. 合资格人员和承包商注册。
Under current Solar ATAP rules, installations above 72kW for non-domestic consumers require a Connection Assessment Study; High Voltage installations require a Power System Study, and network acceptance still governs the final capacity. The application workflow also identifies current public-generation licensing thresholds. Verify the applicable rule for the actual system rather than applying a summary from another project.
根据现行Solar ATAP规定，非住宅系统超过72kW须进行Connection Assessment Study；High Voltage系统须进行Power System Study，最终容量仍受电网接受程度约束。申请流程也列出现行公共发电执照门槛。必须按照实际项目确认，不应套用其他项目的摘要。
TNB’s Electricity Supply Application Handbook remains relevant to the point of interconnection, supply system and metering. (TNB ESAH)
TNB Electricity Supply Application Handbook仍适用于接驳点、供电系统及计量安排。（TNB ESAH）
9. Verify real generation and downtime data | 核实真实发电及停机数据
Do not value the system from its nameplate capacity or a sales proposal. Compare at least 12 months where available of:
不要按照铭牌容量或销售建议书估值。资料允许时，应比较至少12个月的：
- inverter and revenue-meter generation; 逆变器及结算仪表发电量；
- TNB import and export readings; TNB输入和输出读数；
- site electricity consumption; 厂房总用电；
- Maximum Demand;
- self-consumption ratio; 自用比例；
- export-credit value; 输出电量抵扣金额；- monthly availability and downtime; 每月可用率和停机时间；
- inverter alarms and curtailment; 逆变器报警及限发；
- cleaning and maintenance dates; 清洗和保养日期；
- shading and soiling effects; and 阴影及灰尘影响；以及
- weather-adjusted performance. 经天气调整的表现。
Reconcile three independent evidence streams:
至少核对三组独立证据：
Solar monitoring portal ↔ TNB bills and meters ↔ factory production and operating hours
太阳能监控平台 ↔ TNB账单与仪表 ↔ 厂房生产及营运时间
If the figures do not reconcile, investigate meter boundaries, missing data, offline inverters, changed operating hours or exaggerated assumptions before accepting an advertised saving.
如果数据无法对上，应调查仪表边界、缺失资料、离线逆变器、生产时间变化或过度乐观的假设，再决定是否接受宣传中的节省金额。
10. Rebuild the economics for the incoming operation | 按新企业的营运重新计算经济效益
The former occupier’s savings are not the buyer’s savings.
旧租户的节省不等于新企业的节省。
Solar ATAP also limits export credit through its Maximum Allowable Quantity mechanism and states that credit cannot offset the Automatic Fuel Adjustment component. Use current tariffs, Average SMP data and the incoming load profile rather than a historical percentage-saving claim.
Solar ATAP还通过Maximum Allowable Quantity限制抵扣电量，并规定抵扣不能用于Automatic Fuel Adjustment部分。应使用当前费率、Average SMP及新企业用电模式，而不是历史节省百分比。
11. Confirm insurance, liability and environmental attributes | 确认保险、责任及环境属性
Ask both the building insurer and solar insurer to confirm:
要求建筑保险人及太阳能保险人确认：
- whether the system is declared and covered; 系统是否已经申报并获得保障；
- insured party and loss payee; 被保险人及赔款受益人；
- replacement value; 重置价值；
- cover for roof damage, fire, lightning, flood, theft and business interruption; 屋顶损坏、火灾、雷击、水灾、盗窃及营业中断保障；
- damage caused by installation or maintenance; 安装或维护造成的损坏；
- public and employer liability; 公众及雇主责任；
- deductibles and exclusions; 自付额及除外责任；
- claims history; and 索赔记录；以及
- cover during removal and reinstatement. 拆除和恢复安装期间的保障。
Also identify who owns renewable-energy certificates, carbon claims or other environmental attributes. Do not promise customers or overseas buyers that the factory’s electricity is “100% renewable” merely because panels are present. The contractual allocation, metering boundary and applicable reporting method must support the claim.
还要确认可再生能源证书、碳声明或其他环境属性归谁所有。不要因为屋顶有太阳能板，就向客户或海外买家承诺厂房使用“100%可再生能源”。合约分配、计量边界及相关报告方法必须支持该声明。
12. Protect completion, handover and exit | 保护交割、移交及退出安排
The sale or tenancy documents should deal with/ 买卖或租赁文件应处理：
- assets included and excluded; 交易包含及排除的资产；
- clear title to the equipment; 设备无产权负担证明；
- settlement of finance or PPA arrears; 融资或PPA欠款清偿；
- programme and account-transfer applications; 计划及账户转移申请；
- new or replacement Solar ATAP contract; 新签或替代Solar ATAP合约；
- landlord, lender, solar-investor and utility consent; 业主、银行、太阳能投资者及电力公司同意；
- access for technical testing before completion; 交割前技术测试进场权；
- assignment of warranties and maintenance contracts; 保修及维护合约转让；
- delivery of drawings, passwords and historical data; 图纸、密码及历史数据移交；
- roof defects and pending warranty claims; 屋顶缺陷及未解决保修索赔；
- interim electricity and solar-credit allocation; 过渡期电费及太阳能抵扣分配；
- insurance from completion or possession; 交割或交房后的保险；
- removal and reinstatement at lease expiry; and 租约到期拆除及恢复原状；以及
- a fallback if programme continuation or consent is refused. 如果计划延续或同意被拒绝的后备方案。
Solar ATAP rules allow a new property owner to apply for the residual programme period, but they do not state that every private PPA, financing agreement, warranty or roof right automatically transfers. Each document must be checked independently.
Solar ATAP允许新业主申请继续剩余计划期限，但并不代表每一份私人PPA、融资协议、保修或屋顶权利都会自动转移。每份文件必须独立核实。
Documents to request
应索取的文件
A practical transaction sequence/ 实用交易顺序
Map ownership: Property, equipment, account, programme and environmental attributes.
列出所有权： 物业、设备、账户、计划及环境属性。
Collect contracts: Utility, programme, PPA, financing, maintenance and insurance.
收集合约： 电力、计划、PPA、融资、维护及保险。
Inspect the roof and plant: Structural, roofing, electrical and fire specialists as required.
检查屋顶与系统： 按需要由结构、屋面、电力及消防专家检查。
Reconcile performance: Monitoring portal, TNB bills and operating hours.
核对表现： 监控平台、TNB账单及实际营运时间。
Model the incoming case: New load profile, tariff, PPA price, maintenance and roof lifecycle.
重新计算： 新用电模式、费率、PPA价格、维护及屋顶生命周期。
Confirm transfer process: SEDA, TNB, lender, landlord and solar-provider steps.
确认转移流程： SEDA、TNB、银行、业主及太阳能供应商要求。
Negotiate protection: Conditions precedent, testing, consents, retention and fallback rights.
谈判保护： 先决条件、测试、同意、保留款及后备权利。
Complete a controlled handover: Assets, meters, data, passwords, warranties and emergency information.
受控移交： 资产、仪表、数据、密码、保修及紧急资料。
Conclusion/ 结论
Rooftop solar can make a factory more efficient and attractive to export-oriented manufacturers, but the panels should never be valued separately from the roof, electricity account, actual operating load and legal contracts.
屋顶太阳能可以提升厂房能源效率，也能吸引重视降碳的出口制造企业；但太阳能板的价值不能脱离屋顶、电力账户、实际用电及法律合约单独判断。
The safest rule is:
最安全的原则是：
Solar panels on the roof are not proof that the buyer or tenant owns the system, inherits the savings or can continue the existing programme.
屋顶有太阳能板，不代表买家或租户拥有系统、继承节省，或可以继续原有计划。
First verify who owns each layer. Then inspect the building and installation. Finally, rebuild the economics using the incoming factory’s daytime consumption and current 2026 programme rules.
先确认每一层由谁拥有，再检查建筑及系统，最后按照新工厂白天用电和2026年现行规则重新计算效益。
Xpillar can help manufacturers, investors and logistics operators shortlist Malaysian factories by location, roof type, building condition, electricity arrangement, operational fit and expansion needs before specialist solar, engineering and legal due diligence begins.
Xpillar可以先根据地点、屋顶类型、建筑状况、供电安排、营运适配及扩建需求，协助制造商、投资者和物流企业筛选马来西亚厂房，再进入专业太阳能、工程及法律尽调。
Frequently Asked Questions/ 常见问题
1. Are rooftop solar panels automatically included when I buy a factory?
买厂时，屋顶太阳能板是否自动包含在交易内？
No. The panels may be owned or financed by the seller, former tenant, bank or solar investor. The sale agreement, invoices, financing and PPA documents must identify the assets included and any consent or settlement required.
不一定。太阳能板可能属于卖方、前租户、银行或太阳能投资者。必须通过买卖协议、发票、融资及PPA文件确认包含资产，以及所需同意或清偿安排。
2. Does a Solar ATAP contract automatically transfer to the factory buyer?
Solar ATAP合约是否自动转给厂房买家？
No. Under the current guideline, a new owner may apply to continue for the residual programme period, but continuation requires a new Solar ATAP Contract with the electricity utility company.
不会。根据现行规定，新业主可申请继续剩余计划期限，但必须与电力公司签署新的Solar ATAP Contract。
3. Can a factory tenant apply for rooftop solar?
厂房租户可以申请屋顶太阳能吗？
Potentially, but the tenant must align the electricity account, programme eligibility, landlord permission, roof-access period, financing, maintenance and end-of-tenancy removal. Multi-tenant arrangements require particular care under current Solar ATAP rules.
可能可以，但必须协调电力账户、计划资格、业主同意、屋顶使用期限、融资、维护及退租拆除。现行Solar ATAP规则下，多租户安排尤其需要特别确认。
4. Is installed solar capacity enough to estimate savings?
只看太阳能安装容量能否估算节省？
No. Savings depend on generation, daytime self-consumption, tariff, Maximum Demand, export-credit basis, downtime, PPA price, maintenance and roof lifecycle. Use actual interval and billing data where available.
不能。节省取决于发电、白天自用、费率、最高需量、输出抵扣、停机、PPA价格、维护及屋顶寿命。应尽量使用实际时段及账单数据。
5. What happens if the factory roof needs replacement?
如果厂房需要更换屋顶怎么办？
The parties must determine who pays to isolate, remove, store, reinstall, test and recommission the solar system, and how roof and panel warranties are protected. This should be priced before the transaction.
必须确认由谁承担系统隔离、拆除、储存、重新安装、测试及调试费用，以及如何保护屋顶和太阳能板保修，并在交易前计入预算。
6. What is the biggest contract risk for a solar-equipped factory?
带太阳能厂房最大的合同风险是什么？
The largest risk is misalignment: the property, equipment, electricity account and solar contract may have different owners, dates and transfer rules. All four must be aligned before completion or tenancy commencement.
最大风险是四层安排不一致：物业、设备、电力账户及太阳能合约可能由不同主体拥有，并有不同期限和转让规则。交割或起租前必须全部对齐。